Effect of Different Doses of Calcium and Boron Pre-harvest Spray on Post-harvest Quality of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia var. SunKagati-1)

Open Access
Download PDF
AgroEnvironmental Sustainability
Asmita Khanal , Sandip Timilsina , Purushottam Prasad Khatiwada , Susmita Khanal , Sunil Aryal

Abstract

Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia var. SunKagati-1) has been cultivated in 67 districts of Nepal. Its cultivation is becoming increasingly popular among farmers in Nepal. However, adequate post-harvest loss reduction measures are lacking. A field experiment was conducted in lime orchards in Chitwan during August-September 2019 and 2020. Pre-harvest spraying of different concentrations of calcium (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) and boron (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) in lime fruit trees was done before 45 and 30 days of fruit harvest. Fruits with the same maturity indices were harvested separately from the treated plants. The post-harvest study was conducted for 1 month under laboratory conditions. Different parameters like physiological loss of weight (PLW), decay loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content (vitamin C), and freshness were recorded. Minimum PLW (18.2%) and decay loss (14.3%) were observed in boron (@0.6%) treated fruits. At the end of the experiment, minimum TA (1.79 and 2.12%) was recorded from boron (@0.6%) treated fruits in both years. Calcium (@0.3 %) and boron (@0.4 %) treated fruits expressed the maximum values for TSS in 2019 (9.67ºbrix) and 2020 (7.73 ºbrix), respectively. Fruit harvested from fruit trees sprayed with boron (@0.6%) showed the highest ascorbic acid content (55.47 and 49.61 mg/100g) and better lime freshness (2.67 and 3.0) in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This study concluded that the use of boron @0.6% as a pre-harvest spray can prolong the storage life of sour lime and maintain the fruit quality under environmental conditions of a mid-hill situation.

Keywords

acid lime fruit characteristics micronutrient quality shelf-life

References

  1. Adeoye, I. B., Odeleye, O. M. O., Babalola, S. O., & Afolayan, S. O. (2009). Economic analysis of tomato losses in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(5-6), 87-92. [Google Scholar]
  2. Aguayo, E., Escalona, V. H., & Artés, F. (2008). Effect of hot water treatment and various calcium salts on quality of fresh-cut ‘Amarillo’melon. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 47(3), 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.08.001 [Google Scholar]
  3. Ali, W., Pathak, R. A., & Yadav, A. L. (1991). Effects of foliar application of nutrients on guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda. Progressive Horticulture, 23, 18-18. [Google Scholar]
  4. Al-Obeed, R. S., Ahmed, M. A. A., Kassem, H. A., & Al-Saif, A. M. (2018). Improvement of “Kinnow” mandarin fruit productivity and quality by urea, boron and zinc foliar spray. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(5), 609-618. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2017.1406111 [Google Scholar]
  5. Bhattarai, D. R. (2018). Postharvest horticulture in Nepal. Horticulture International Journal, 2(6), pp. 458–460. https://doi.org/10.15406/hij.2018.02.00096 [Google Scholar]
  6. Bhattarai, D. R., & Gautam, D. M. (2006). Effect of harvesting method and calcium on post harvest physiology of tomato. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal, 7, 37-41. http://doi.org/10.3126/narj.v7i0.1864 [Google Scholar]
  7. Buyukbay, E. O., Uzunoz, M., & Bal, H. S. G. (2011). Post-harvest losses in tomato and fresh bean production in Tokat province of Turkey. Scientific Research and Essays, 6(7), 1656-1666. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.186 [Google Scholar]
  8. Chauhan, P., Singh, J. P., Himanshu, K., & Singh, R. K. (2015). Effect of pre-harvest foliar spray of nutrients and plant bio-regulators on shelf-life and quality of fruit of mango cv. DASHEHARI. Asian Journal of Horticulture, 10(2), 246-250. https://doi.org/10.15740/HAS/TAJH/10.2/246-250 [Google Scholar]
  9. Davis, J. M., Sanders, D. C., Nelson, P. V., Lengnick, L., & Sperry, W. J. (2003). Boron improves growth, yield, quality, and nutrient content of tomato. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(3), 441-446. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.128.3.0441 [Google Scholar]
  10. Dixit, A., Shaw, S. S., & Pal, V. (2013). Effect of micronutrients and plant growth regulators on fruiting of litchi. Horticulture Flora Research Spectrum, 2(1), 77–80. [Google Scholar]
  11. Dutta, P. (2004). Foliar potassium spray in improving the quality of Sardar guava (Psidium guajava L.). The Orissa Journal of Horticulture, 32, 103-104. [Google Scholar]
  12. Gauch, H. G., & Dugger Jr, W. M. (1953). The role of boron in the translocation of sucrose. Plant Physiology, 28(3), 457. https://doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.28.3.457 [Google Scholar]
  13. Gautam, D. M., & Bhattarai, D. R. (2012). Postharvest horticulture. Bhawani Printers. Chabahil Kathmandu, Nepal. [Google Scholar]
  14. Gomez, K. A., & Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical procedures for agricultural research. New York: John Wiley and Sons. [Google Scholar]
  15. Guardiola, J. L., & García-Luis, A. (2000). Increasing fruit size in Citrus. Thinning and stimulation of fruit growth. Plant Growth Regulation, 31, 121-132. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006339721880 [Google Scholar]
  16. Heckman, J. R. (2009). Can soil fertility improve tomato flavor. Extension Specialist in Soil Fertility, Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, February Report, New Jersey, USA. [Google Scholar]
  17. Khalaj, K., Ahmadi, N., & Souri, M. K. (2016). Improvement of postharvest quality of Asian pear fruits by foliar application of boron and calcium. Horticulturae, 3(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae3010015 [Google Scholar]
  18. Lester, G. E., & Grusak, M. A. (2004). Field application of chelated calcium: postharvest effects on cantaloupe and honeydew fruit quality. HortTechnology, 14(1), 29-38. http://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.14.1.0029 [Google Scholar]
  19. Maida, R., Tiwari, R., Pandey, A., & Somvanshi, S. P. S. (2018). Effect of foliar application of GA3, calcium and borax on shelf life of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Bioved, 29(1), 63-66. [Google Scholar]
  20. Meena, M. K., Jain, M. C., & Singh, P. (2017). Effect of pre-harvest spray of calcium nitrate, boric acid and zinc sulphate on storability of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1297-1301. http://doi.org/10.31421/IJHS/22/1-2./1179 [Google Scholar]
  21. Milagres, C. D. C., Maia, J. T. L. S., Ventrella, M. C., & Martinez, H. E. P. (2019). Anatomical changes in cherry tomato plants caused by boron deficiency. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 42, 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-019-00537-y [Google Scholar]
  22. MoALD (2022). Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture, 2020/21. Government of Nepal. Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Planning and Development Cooperation Coordination Division, Statistics and Analysis Section, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu, Nepal. [Google Scholar]
  23. Paudyal, K. P., Shrestha, T. N., & Regmi, C. (2016). Citrus research and development in Nepal. Six Decades of Horticulture Development in Nepal (Silver Jubilee Special), Nepal Horticulture Society, Lalitpur, Nepal, pp. 113-144. [Google Scholar]
  24. Plich, H., & Wójcik, P. (2001). The effect of calcium and boron foliar application on postharvest plum fruit quality. In International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants 594, pp. 445-451. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.594.57 [Google Scholar]
  25. Raja, V., Saraswathy, S., Premalakshmi, V., Anitha, T., & Venkatesan, K. (2022). Effect of pre-harvest treatments on yield and postharvest quality of banana (Musa acuminata) cv. red banana. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(9), 897-903 [Google Scholar]
  26. Sadasivam, S., & Manickam, A. (1991). Biochemical methods for agricultural sciences-Carbohydrates. Coimbatore: Newage International Publisher, New Delhi, India. [Google Scholar]
  27. Sajid, M., Jan, I., Shah, S. T., Iqbal, A., Zamin, M., & Shakur, M. (2012). Pre-harvest treatment of Zn & B affects the fruit quality and storability of sweet orange. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B, 2(12B), 1224. [Google Scholar]
  28. Samaradiwakara, S. D., Champa, W. A. H and Eeswara, J. P. (2019). Harvest maturity affects postharvest quality of lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Tropical Agricultural Research, 30(4), 125-131. http://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v30i4.8334 [Google Scholar]
  29. Saure, M. C. (2005). Calcium translocation to fleshy fruit: its mechanism and endogenous control. Scientia Horticulturae, 105(1), 65-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.10.003 [Google Scholar]
  30. Turan (2008) Post-harvest Practices on Fruits. 12: 3, July- August, (in Turkish). [Google Scholar]
  31. Tyl, C. & Sadler, G.D. (2017). pH and Titratable Acidity. In: Nielsen, S.S. (eds) Food Analysis. Food Science Text Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45776-5_22 [Google Scholar]
  32. Venu, A., Delvadia, D. V., Chitroda, R. L., & Bhalani, R. (2016). Effect of zinc, boron, and iron application on physio-chemical parameters of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. kagzi lime. The Bioscan, 11(3), 1597-1599. [Google Scholar]
  33. Wójcik, P., & Lewandowski, M. (2003). Effect of calcium and boron sprays on yield and quality of “Elsanta” strawberry. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26(3), 671-682. [Google Scholar]
  34. Xu, W., Wang, P., Yuan, L., Chen, X., & Hu, X. (2021). Effects of application methods of boron on tomato growth, fruit quality and flavor. Horticulturae, 7(8), 223. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080223 [Google Scholar]
  35. Yang, L. T., Pan, J. F., Hu, N. J., Chen, H. H., Jiang, H. X., Lu, Y. B., & Chen, L. S. (2021). Citrus physiological and molecular response to boron stresses. Plants, 11(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010040 [Google Scholar]
  36. Zaman, L., Shafqat, W., Qureshi, A., Sharif, N., Raza, K., UdDin, S., Sufian, I., Jaskani, M.J & Kamran, M. (2019). Effect of foliar spray of zinc sulphate and calcium carbonate on fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, 7(4), 157-161. http://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.875 [Google Scholar]

Similar Articles

1-10 of 33

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.