Abstract
Melon is one of the important agricultural crops in Afghanistan, particularly in Helmand Province, where it plays a significant role in farmers’ income. However, its production is still largely based on traditional farming practices, and the limited use of modern agricultural technologies negatively affects both yield and quality. The objective of this study was to assess the current status of melon production in Helmand Province, evaluate the effect of seed type on yield, and identify the major constraints and challenges faced by farmers. This study was conducted between March 30, 2014 and July 6, 2015 in selected villages of Lashkar Gah, Garmser, and Nawah districts through face-to-face interviews with 37 farmers using a structured questionnaire consisting of 33 questions. The collected data were organized and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, including averages, percentages, and comparative analysis. The results indicated that most farmers use local seeds, resulting in low yields (15–25 tons/ha), while farmers using improved seeds achieved higher yields (45–55 tons/ha). Statistical analysis indicated that seed type has a significant effect on crop yield. Furthermore, traditional irrigation practices, limited use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and marketing constraints negatively affect both production and income levels. In general, the study indicates that the use of improved seeds, enhancement of agricultural practices, efficient water management, and improved marketing facilities can significantly increase melon production and farmers’ income.
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